Due in large part to loss of life throughout the years of military campaigns, high death rates among fanompoana workers, and harsh traditions of justice under her rule, the population of Madagascar is estimated to have declined from around 5 million to 2.5 million between 1833 and 1839, and from 750,000 to 130,000 between 1829 and 1842 in Imerina.
A man might be taught to be virile; he might establish his virility through "accumulated proofs" (sexual power, career success, a tempered disposition, a honed intellect); and yet virility, the editors write, remained "an especially harsh tradition" in which "perfections tend[ed] always to be threatened".
They are discovering more and more young women who have set themselves on fire, desperate to escape the cruelties of family life and harsh tribal traditions that show no sign of changing despite the end of Taliban rule and the dawn of democracy.
There was nothing modest about the Ba'athists' inaugural reign of terror; few knew it then, but it was chiefly his handiwork, and quite different from anything hitherto experienced in a country already notorious for its harsh political tradition.
Calimocho wine should be "strong and dry," according to Mr. Ureña, or, if you wish to follow botellón tradition, harsh and cheap.
Regardless of their coats' source, Russians have shown little sign of loosening their hold on a fashion born of harsh weather and long tradition.
The Peterson controversy exemplifies how this tradition of harsh discipline is clashing with growing anti-child-abuse laws that punish parents.
"Everything was steeped in this tradition of very harsh treatment," she said.
Sometimes an artistic tradition was regional, harsh, and arresting, as in Crete or, as in Massilia and Emporion in the far west, a weak reflection of finer styles.
In many regions disputes have intensified as centuries of wine-making tradition battle the harsh reality of global competition against commercially produced New World exports.
Though the first series had its moments – not least a remarkable episode that explored the backstory of Eva Green's Vanessa Ives and threw a harsh spotlight on the misogynist tradition of misdiagnosing willful/troublesome/sexually liberated women as "mad" – Penny Dreadful was really only worth watching to see what demented direction it would take next.
