Names that previously (i.e., 50, 100 or 200 years ago) conjured up broken countries, harsh dictators, uneducated populations or asylum situations have moved forward, as have the connotations of such surnames.
Newport's settlement is less harsh because its population is rising and it has a large number of school pupils.
The armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine has exerted a strong impact on political, social and economic fabric of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, leading to harsh vulnerabilities of population and lack of basic services.
One possible explanation is that at the time where selection took place, winters in Germany, the provenance of the Petkus population, were harsh enough to form a similar selection pressure on the Petkus population compared to Eastern European populations under Eastern European winters.
France launched the Mali operation last month to drive back al-Qaida-linked extremists who had seized the north of the country, imposing harsh rule on local populations, and had started pushing toward Mali's capital.
Rapid analysis using portable technology is feasible in remote populations under harsh climatic conditions.
A key concept within metapopulation theory (Hanski 1999) is that migrants from productive patches (sources) can sustain other populations in harsh habitat patches where population growth is impaired (sinks) (Pulliam 1988).
While we did not find such synergy in all cases we examined, our results clearly demonstrate the potential for major-minor gene interactions to enhance the evolution of growth in invading or invaded populations experiencing harsh novel environments.
In other words, we expected that the number of available beneficial mutations (waiting time) would be similar among treatments, but that the mean selection coefficient of beneficial mutations would be higher in the harsh environment since these populations would be further from their local fitness optimum.
These are remarkable achievements given the harsh climate and a population of 330,000.
In harsh winters, the moose population dwindles to a few hundred, with the wolves dropping to around a dozen.
