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All the above thermal methods related to 1-D tungsten oxide formation from the gaseous phase (vapor deposition) or thermal evaporation techniques are technically complex, require high temperature, harsh growth conditions, expensive experimental setup and complicated control processes.
All the above methods for the formation of NiO nanostructures are technically complex, require high temperature, harsh growth conditions, expensive experimental setup, complicated control processes, and have made frequent use of organics.
These are relatively harsh growth conditions as compared to plates rich in media (Methods).
In some fern species, harsh growth conditions, such as poor substrate or high density, lead to small, male gametophytes (DeSoto et al. 2008, and references therein).
A considerable part of computational efforts has been devoted to the simulation of branched colony patterns, which various microbes are known to produce under harsh growth conditions [ 12, 15, 18, 19].
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In Greece's parliamentary elections Sunday, voters resoundingly defeated candidates from the two major political parties that earlier this year had agreed to a rescue package — dictated largely by Germany — that required harsh, growth-killing spending cuts in exchange for $171 billion in emergency loans.
But Labor has struggled to explain their economic narrative — that too-harsh cuts harm growth and tax receipts, and hence do as much to keep the deficit up as overspending — and the Tories are still better trusted on the economy.
She and others agree this will take years, but before that, the company may start to run into the harsh realities of creating growth amid long-term decline.
But that depends on Labour and Lib Dems refusing to accept the need for such harsh cuts just as growth returns, so casting the Tories as the wreckers, not the saviours.
Above a critical level, which may vary between slopes on the same mountain and which is much higher on mountains at lower latitude, the climate becomes too harsh to permit tree growth; beyond that level grows alpine vegetation, dominated by herbaceous plants, such as grasses and forbs, or by low shrubs.
Potential benefits of genetically modified (GM) crops include improved food quality such as vitamin or mineral contents, improved crop physiology for higher yields or growth in harsh environments, herbicide resistance to allow better weed control with broad-spectrum herbicides, and pest resistance.
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