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More detailed information about particular countries and further explanations about the harmonization procedure can be found in the "Methods" section.
As shown in Fig. 4 and Table 5, inter-scanner variability in SUVs among the state-of-the-art SPECT/CT systems was clearly decreased after the proposed harmonization procedure.
Despite the extensive harmonization procedure, some variables, including OA, may continue to be difficult to compare across countries, and interpretation of findings may require particular attention.
However, because OA is our main variable of interest in this study, we made an exception regarding the harmonization procedure: all types of OA definitions were constructed, even when data from only two countries were present.
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We also review some consortium efforts, such as ENIGMA, that offer the power to detect robust common genetic associations using phenotypic harmonization procedures and meta-analysis.
The data of five existing longitudinal cohort studies are combined using post harmonization procedures.
This paper provides the harmonization procedures on OA and other selected variables of the EPOSA project.
In this paper, the harmonization procedures are described that are used in the European Project on Osteoarthritis (EPOSA).
Until common definitions are available in cohort studies, post harmonization procedures, although not ideal, are the only available option for cross-cohort comparison of prevalence rates.
The use of harmonization procedures (Sun et al. 2011) to reduce variability between multiple studies has allowed for more direct comparison of similar production frameworks given different assumptions.
The harmonization guidelines used in the Comparison of Longitudinal European Studies on Aging (CLESA) project served as an example for the current study [ 14]. Figure 1 shows a schematic presentation of the harmonization procedures.
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