However, Wigby and Chapman [ 31] found males' harming ability to be unresponsive to the selection (alteration of operational sex ratio).
F-males (evolving under lower levels of sexual conflict) evolved decreased mate harming ability indicating the cost of maintenance of the suit of traits that cause mate-harm.
Enforced monogamy resulted in the evolution of reduced mate harming ability in males (relative to the males under control or polyandrous mating system) either causing less female mortality [ 24] or being relatively benign to female fecundity [ 22, 25, 43].
The M-males (evolving under higher levels sexual conflict) caused higher female mortality indicating that they had evolved increased mate harming ability, possibly as a by product of increased reproduction related activity.
Here we report the evolution of (a) body size, (b) harming ability of the males (in terms of both mortality and fecundity), (b) courtship frequency, (c) spontaneous locomotor activity and (d) mean longevity and age specific survival rate under two conditions – reproducing and non-reproducing.
Thus it is possible that evolution of mate harm ability in males in terms of fecundity and survivorship are, at least, to some extent independent of each other.
There are two aspects of interlocus conflict – (a) evolution of male traits related to "mate-harm ability" and (b) evolution of traits related to resistance to male-induced harm in females.
At this point it is difficult to predict whether increase in mate-harming abilities of M-males is due to the evolution of behavioural components or due to the evolution of the ejaculate [ 37].
Our current suspicion of the private sector is harming our ability to work more effectively.
Also, MIT professor Sherry Turkle's Reclaiming Conversation (Turnaround), on how communication technology is, ironically, harming our ability to meaningfully connect.
It appeared that the reactors withstood the powerful earthquake, but the ocean waves damaged generators and backup systems, harming the ability to cool the reactors.
