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Figure 3 illustrates the 40-fold difference between harm reduction estimates for a 45p minimum unit price and those for a ban on below cost selling, and also shows that as the threshold of alternative values for a minimum unit price was increased (for example, 40p, 45p, 50p), thus covering more of the market of products, then the estimated harm reductions increased.
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Marie is also a place where, by harm reduction and healthcare workers' estimates, five people overdose a day.
In the first half of 2015, according to a report by drug charity Harm Reduction International, there were an estimated 570 executions in Iran, of which 394 people (69percentt) were allegedly drug offenders.
With the harm reduction approach, the Amsterdam methadone programmes reached an estimated 2700 of the 3500 4000 opiate users in Amsterdam [ 3].
We found no evidence that the effect of harm reduction was larger on HCV incidence than on HIV incidence, as our risk estimates for the different levels of harm reduction participation were comparable.
Research published in 2010 found the global investment in harm reduction in low and middle-income countries amounts to about 3 cents per injector per day, an estimated $3 billion less than needed in 2010.
Most of the harm reduction occurred in those 5.3% of people who were harmful drinkers (for example, for a 45p minimum unit price, 554 of the 624 deaths equated to 89% of the estimated overall death reduction).
At present, governments pay out an estimated $100 billion each year on drug control and law enforcement, while investing just $160 million in harm reduction -- only 7percentnt of what is needed.
It's impossible to estimate how many lives are saved each year by the hundreds of NGOs working in drug harm reduction around the world.
Kratom: Health Risk or Harm Reduction?
I'm all for harm reduction.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com