Ideologies of white racial superiority were widespread from colony through the early 20th century and were regularly and openly offered as the justification for these harms as necessary to the civilizing mission.
In her understanding this is objectionable because the person cannot consent and these harms are not necessary to prevent a greater harm.
However these questions are resolved, it is doubtful that the harm principle is necessary to justify restrictions on liberty.
However, the court ruled that an intent to do economic harm was not necessary to have committed wire fraud, affirming a pre-McNally decision in light of the 1988 statute: In the private sector context, § 1346 poses special risks.
Michaels and others (2006) suggested that "focusing events," defined as sudden events that have the potential to cause harm, are often necessary to catalyze group formation and action.
High quality harms data are necessary to appropriately assess the balance between benefits and harms of interventions.
In practical terms, this can be translated to "do as little harm as humanly possible and, when it is necessary to harm, act with humility, awareness and gratitude to what is being sacrificed on your behalf".
Echoing criticism from activists over counter-terrorism measures, Ban says: "Counter-terrorism efforts, asymmetric warfare, and the emergence of new threats and enemies cannot legitimise the loosening, or the outright dismissal, of rules that aim to spare civilians and limit harm to what is necessary to weaken the enemy".
In addition, the ethical value of caring places an additional obligation on us to, as Josephson writes, "consider and seek to advance the well-being of others, [and] that one should consciously cause no more harm than is reasonably necessary to perform one's duties".
Hence, therapeutic agents affecting tumour cells without harming healthy cells are necessary to optimise cancer treatments.
