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Those include the propositions that duties are more significant than rights, that women are under perpetual guardianship of their closest male relatives, and that the king (i.e., the state) must protect the subjects from all harm, moral as well as material.
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The debate that predeeded Wednesday night's debate was tamer then Monday's committee hearing, where opponents of the gay marriage bill had contended that gay marriage harms moral and public health.
Increasing the vividness of the descriptions of harm in moral dilemmas reduces endorsement of harmful actions.
The argument goes something like this: if an agent has no good reason to believe that she causes significant harm without moral justification, then she is not morally responsible for causing this harm because she has no good reason to act otherwise.
If only we had some breed of people whose redoubtable character made them capable of watching this dangerous material without harm, whose moral superiority allowed them to deem what was safe for the rest of us.
Within the parental decision frame, parents faced a difficult question about whether to emphasize respecting their child's autonomy or to protect their child from harm –a moral rather than a medical choice.
So, for example: it may be the justification for murder's being prima facie wrong that murder is an intentional harm (non-moral fact) and intentionally harming is prima facie wrong (obtaining moral state of affairs).
If our approval and disapproval were based on thoughts about our own benefits and harms, the moral sentiments would vary from person to person and for the same person over time.
38, 39 Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that harm-averse moral judgments engage brain regions previously implicated in emotional processing.
Potential for medical benefit must be weighed against psychological harms and moral wrongs, such as infringements upon the right not to know.
These findings support the notion that aversive states promote behavioral withdrawal, which can translate into harm-averse moral judgments when those judgments are framed in relation to action permissibility.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com