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The adaptive harm hypothesis suggests that harm occurs because males are directly trying to manipulate female behaviour.
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According to the "harm to offspring hypothesis" of Dale et al. [ 36], the level of parental predation risk-taking is adjusted according to the harm the offspring will suffer without parental care.
These findings agree with the "harm to offspring" hypothesis [ 13, 33, 36, 37], which predicts that mothers should minimise periods of vulnerability during parental absence (e.g., foraging, movement activities, and digging) [ 33].
We used a panel of populations of Staphylococcus aureus that were experimentally selected for resistance to a suite of individual AMPs and antibiotics to investigate the 'arming the enemy' hypothesis.
We tested the hypothesis that harm avoidance, a trait associated with behavioral inhibition, is associated with the rate of change in parkinsonism in older adults.
The report notes some criticsims are based on "hypotheses that harm could occur under certain scenarios", notably the risk that plant genes could effect genes in animal organs.
Observational analyses can raise hypotheses about harm and in many cases they can provide reassurance about harm.
We did not find any support for the hypothesis that harming females is associated with success in pre-copulatory male-male competition in Sepsis cynipsea.
Because our pilot data suggested potential harm, we chose the primary hypothesis to test safety.
We therefore deliberately used conservative cut-off values to increase sensitivity and avoid bias away from the null hypothesis of no harm.
It may be also an argument against the hypothesis that the harm of hypoglycemia comes instead from its rapid correction leading to rebound hyperglycemia [ 13], because this situation is expected to increase blood glucose variability.
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