"What is it about that sound that we can identify?" For much of the 20th century, engineers devoted themselves to developing acoustical hardware like amplifiers, speakers and recording systems.
Much of this is wasted by a grossly inefficient piece of hardware: the power amplifier, a gadget that turns electricity into radio signals.
Electrodes were recorded against an average reference calculated by the amplifier hardware.
Membrane potentials and whole-cell currents were measured in large neurons (>75 pF) with hardware (Axopatch-700B amplifier, Digidata 1440A) and software (pCLAMP v. 10.3) from Molecular Devices (Sunnyvale, CA).
The signals were amplified with an AC coupled amplifier that had hardware imposed high-pass of 0.016 Hz (BrainAmp MR, Brain Products GmbH, Gilching, Germany).
Our hardware switched from just an amplifier circuit for each transducer, to an amplifier circuit, a tone decoder circuit, and a comparator circuit.
In particular, (P^{av}_{m}) is different from (hat {P}_{m}), as the former can be set to limit the power consumption costs or the circuit heating but the latter is imposed by the system hardware (such as power amplifiers' linear operation characteristics or maximum available instantaneous power) and is larger than (P^{av}_{m}).
EEG was recorded by a Net Amps amplifier with a hardware filter between.1 Hz (high-pass) and 100 Hz (low-pass) and a sampling rate of 500 Hz.
An expert in software-defined radio — the modification of radio signals with a computer, as opposed to mixers, amplifiers, and other hardware — Humphreys used a general-purpose processor to build what he calls a "formidable lying machine," a box that "listens" to the G.P.S. signal, gradually builds a bogus signal that aligns perfectly with the real, and then slowly overtakes it.
An expert in software-defined radio the modification of radio signals with a computer, as opposed to mixers, amplifiers, and other hardware—Humphreys used a general-purpose processor to build what he calls a "formidable lying machine," a box that "listens" to the G.P.S. signal, gradually builds a bogus signal that aligns perfectly with the real, and then slowly overtakes it.
Jim Marshall, a British music store owner who influenced the raucous sound and chest-thumping volume of rock-and-roll with his Marshall amplifiers, the stage hardware of choice for guitarists Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton and Slash, died April 5 at a hospice in London.
