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The hardship data is part of the Gallup Healthways Well-Being Index, which poses many questions about physical and mental health.
The variables used to impute were all outcomes, the predictors used in the adjusted analyses and the ALSPAC "family adversity index", a derived variable that summarises several variables that indicate family social or economic hardship (data not shown).
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Table 6 presents the program's effects on income and material hardship, using data from the 18- and 42-month surveys.
While the new report hailed its findings as proof that Italy's traditional family-based social fabric provides a protective buffer against economic hardship, others said the data was a warning.
The census data may overstate hardship by failing to count some benefits the needy receive, like tax credits and food stamps.
Among hospitalized pneumonia patients less than 65 years, financial hardship derived from individual-level data, was associated with an over two-fold greater risk of early re-admission and a marginally significant longer hospital LOS.
In the presence of physical and emotional hardship a significant strand of data spoke to people's motivation to draw on a moral impetus to stay strong and disciplined and true to themselves [ 33, 41, 47] and prevent further decline by declaring an intention to "…go ahead and do it.
Based on US census data, neighborhood-level economic hardship was defined by the Economic Hardship Index (EHI).
The Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, and Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire was used to collect the data.
In broad, concise strokes, she describes the hardships he endured in pursuit of ethnographic data and fresh meat.
The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of the secondary analysis of the qualitative data focusing on the economic hardship--recognised as one of the key challenges that interfered with the process of BLI, its meaning as well as the key factors that contribute to and exacerbate economic hardship, based on the experiences of those who are affected by chronic illness.
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