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Increasing the grain size to 23 nm (by annealing) caused the hardness to increase by 27%, in violation of the Hall Petch relation [65].
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However, when the bilayer period is decreased further (12 nm), the coating hardness begins to increase rapidly to 23.4 GPa, and the fracture toughness and adhesion strength begin to decrease.
If the edge of ITZ is where the micro-hardness begin to increase, the width of the ITZ in the ordinary concrete is around 110 μm but the ITZ in the scattering-filling aggregate concrete is 90 μm.
The hardness is observed to increase with increasing the penetration depth at small depth.
In both normal and ovariectomised bone, the modulus and hardness were found to increase towards the core of the trabeculae.
As illustrated in Fig. 9, the hardness values tend to increase as the number of focus shots increases from 15 to 25.
The layer thickness and hardness were found to increase with the mass feed rate and decrease with an increase in laser power.
The hardness was found to increase from 4.78 MPa for the unirradiated sample to 23.67 MPa for the highest gamma dose.
Recently, a number of experiments [21 23] have pointed out the well-known indentation size effect for metals, in which the hardness is observed to increase with decreasing indentation size.
Hardness was observed to increase by LSP up to 10 min and tensile strength increased up to LSP of 5 min.
The hardness was found to increase by 90% on addition of 2% TiNS while the modulus (Er) increased by 103% compared to the pure polymer.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com