The coated samples were characterised with the following techniques: nano-indentation (hardness), ball-on-disc (wear and friction), scratch test (adhesion), scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy (microstructure) and calo (thickness) tests.
Along with the hardness measurement, ball-on-disc wear resistance test was conducted with 500-gf alumina ball.
Select coating microstructure and properties using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, hardness, and ball-on-disc tribology experiments for friction coefficient and wear determination have been discussed.
The micro-hardness and ball-on-disk sliding wear of the sintered composite coatings were tested for, and the results correlated to those of the microstructure analysis, which was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Only twice was he troubled: first, early on, when there was still hardness in the ball, Jimmy Anderson found the outside edge and the ball flew high to the right of Joe Root at third slip who could not quite get there; and once, off Anderson again, when an attempted hook spiralled high off the top edge but carried for six over the minuscule fine leg boundary.
Maybe Martinez, Clemens, Pettitte and even Omar Olivares of the Athletics showed that the location of their pitches is more important to the location of the balls after the batters swing at them than the hardness of the ball or the texture of the cover or the height of the seams.
The England seamers found no swing or seam movement and the bounce died once the hardness left the ball.
Another aspect that often surprises first-time players is the hardness of the ball (during the game witnessed by your correspondent, one player was rushed to hospital to have stitches put into his chin).
We fancied our chances this mornign but once the hardness of the ball went away, it became much easier to bat.
First, an experimental analysis is carried out on six different balls, the tennis ball hardness and restitution coefficient are measured and compared.
Bill Bishop, principal engineer at Wilson's rackets technology laboratories in Elk Grove, Ill., tests balls for hardness in a hefty metal desktop ball smusher called the Stevens Machine.
