A hardened steel ball was used as the impactor.
Wear studies showed a significant enhancement in wear resistance against hardened steel ball, a maximum improvement was achieved when lased using 100% N2.
Fretting wear behavior against hardened steel ball showed that phosphating reduced the wear resistance which was possibly attributed to the presence of phosphate needles causing an increased coefficient of friction and the reduced hardness of the phosphate layer.
In the micro-scale abrasion test, a micro-blasted 25 mm diameter hardened steel ball was used as the counterface and a suspension of SiC particles (mean size of 4 5 μm) in distilled water as the abrasive slurry.
The coatings provide a significant improvement, by more than two orders of magnitude, in reciprocating sliding wear rate (compared to the stainless steel substrate) when tested against a 10 mm diameter SAE 52100 hardened steel ball counterface at 10 N normal load.
A somewhat hardened testicle is pathognomonic of PTT.
A larger amount of transferred material took place for tests carried out with hardened steel balls, probably owing to their relatively lower hardness in comparison to that of the tungsten carbide balls.
Five grams of powder were ball-milled for 30 h using a SPEX 8000 mill, hardened-steel vials, and 30 1-g hardened steel balls.
Amorphous B powder (95%to97%7%, Fluka, Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 10 wt.% Fe(NO3 39H2O 988%, Pronalys, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were sealed in a stainless milling jar with several hardened steel balls.
None of the duplex coatings exhibited adhesive failures up to 5×104 impacts when both tungsten carbide and hardened steel balls were used.
