In terms of the innovation system matrix categories, the contention that thematic funding engenders fragmentation reflects the fact that hard institutions such as funding schemes influence knowledge exchange.
In terms of the innovation system matrix categories, the contention that funding-induced competition engenders fragmentation reflects both hard institutions (funding structures) inducing competition and soft institutions: the fear of losing valuable knowledge to others.
Hard institutions refer to formal mechanisms that hinder or stimulate innovation, such as regulatory frameworks and funding schemes for obtaining funding for health promotion activities or research [ 5, 18].
(Chinen) Steve Turre and the Bones of Art (Thursday through Aug. 4) Steve Turre regroups with several fellow trombonists — Frank Lacy, Robin Eubanks and Steve Davis — to pay homage to Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers, the hard-bop institution to which they all belonged, at different times.
(Chinen) Steve Turre and the Bones of Art (Friday through Sunday) Steve Turre regroups with several fellow trombonists — Frank Lacy, Robin Eubanks and Steve Davis — to pay homage to Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers, the hard-bop institution to which they all belonged, at different times.
A hard-touring institution, the current Yes came to the Beacon Theater on Tuesday night for a show comprising three of its most durable albums: all from the 1970s, each played from start to finish.
MADISON SQUARE GARDEN Seventh Ave .at 33rd St. (212-307-7171) — Nov. 13: After years of bitter acrimony, near-misses, and false starts, the storied hard-rock institution Van Halen has reunited, albeit without the original bassist, Michael Anthony (who has been replaced by Eddie Van Halen's teen-age son, Wolfgang).
Twenty-five yeago Americanricorporationsions bore little resemblance to today's hard-nosed institutions.
Powerful hard-line institutions blocked many of his efforts, and many of his allies were jailed.
It is harder for institutions to score well if they attract students with higher demands and expectations.
