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In Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), soft handover terminal defines the beamforming feedback that best fits with the transmission from BSs in the so-called active set [17].
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This switching process known as vertical handover requires the terminal to first measure various network metrics relevant to decide whether to trigger a vertical handover (VHO) or not.
Mid-course guidance phase classically refers to the procedure guiding the missile to a terminal handover point in order to acquire the target motion through its on-board sensor.
At this point, the mobile terminal would handover when the direction of motion is between θ∈, from Fig. 4: vartheta = arctan left(frac{a}{2p}right), (9).
For handover purposes, the HSDPA terminal is also able to estimate P-CPICH signals from adjacent BSs and thus, it is able to define related beamforming feedback for adjacent BSs.
Each handover is printed at the terminal console.
Besides Session Initialization Protocol, layers 2 and 3 are taken into account as well, in the terminal attachment and handover procedures.
In mobile streaming services, the available bandwidth randomly varies, possibly due to changes in network conditions, terminal mobility, and/or handover in heterogeneous networks.
The IEEE 802.21 framework for Media Independent Handover (MIH) provides seamless vertical handover support for multimode mobile terminals.
In the context of vertical handover, only the passive estimation is relevant since the terminal seeks to know a priori whether a network satisfies its QoS needs without wasting time and power to get connected to this network.
MIH messages are exchanged over various wireless media between mobile terminals and access networks to facilitate seamless handover.
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