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Figures 6, 7, and 8 shows the average number of handover, number of packet loss, and average transmission delay, when UEs move with various velocities.
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"A technical glitch in our transition to a major new billing system affecting the automated handover of numbers between us and other network operators," it says.
where N handover is the number of handovers and N active _ users is the number of active users in the network.
The above figure shows the average packet loss experienced during handover as the number of MNs increases.
The years after handover saw increasing numbers of Chinese women giving birth in the territory.
An MS with the high moving speed is easy to result in rapid handovers when the number of RS increases.
Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has a better performance than the fixed parameters method in terms of reduced the number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers with limited signalling modifications.
Therefore, to lower the number of handover, we propose an improved handover mechanism by predicting the moving direction of UEs in this work.
Figure 6 The average number of handovers for different handover schemes.
The simulation results show that the proposed DIHAT algorithm can reduce the number of handovers compared with the LTE standard hard handover algorithm and Integrator Handover Algorithm.
Although they have outperformed in terms of number of handovers and rate of ping-pong handover, a simple knowledge database is required to overcome the unnecessary handover issues, thereby increases the complex of operations and extra cost.
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