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In scenario 4, an MS performs handover from an RS to the RS of different cells.
In the MLMA, when the MH performs the handover from an access network through which the MH has established the active session, at AR1 collocated with LMA, to another access network, at AR2 which detects the attachment of the MH and sends an proxy binding update (PBU) packet to all ARs and GW in the network.
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For all users, a session activation message for a given RANE may also result from a vertical handover from any other RAN.
For handover from a slow link to a fast link, similar procedure is performed.
In the simulation, we employ a pause event for 30 seconds as a vertical handover from a network to another network.
We then derive the probabilities for a node to change the route to connect to the Internet and to handover from a network to another, which both cause service interruptions that heavily affect the quality in multimedia streaming services.
It is observed that the DMHP exhibits varying handover latencies, which vary between 0.6 and 1.8 s in the handover from a visited network to the home network and from the home to a visited network, respectively.
When MSs begin to move, for example, certain MSs may do the handover from a BS to another BS due to the movements, which will increase the Handover Ranging messages in networks.
The reason for this great difference is that unlike proposed schemes, the throughputs of previous schemes are suppressed by congestion after handover from a slow link to a fast link.
In particular, for handover from a fast link to a slow link, the ACKs of the first few slow-link packets are routed to the old fast link to reduce the gap between old RTT and new RTT.
When the MH performs the handover from a network through which the MH has established the active session, proxy2 detects the attachment of the MH and sends an UPDATE packet (packet1) to proxy1.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com