The integration of existing and emerging heterogeneous wireless networks requires the design of intelligent handoff and location management schemes to enable mobile users to switch network access and experience uninterrupted service continuity anywhere, anytime.
New routing information can be found using address resolution protocol (ARP) messages during intra-domain handoff to prevent location update and re-routing, while the introduced latency is decreased by removing the redundant tunnel for inter-domain handoff.
The proposed cell design technique will optimize the cell shape according to the user distribution and behavior in the covered area and consequently is expected to reduce the frequent handoff and signaling traffic of location updating from moving users.
Mobility management involves two main functions, namely, location management and handoff management [17].
It relies on two main problems which are location management and handoff management [9, 10].
Mobility management addresses two main problems: location management and handoff management [2].
Basically, mobility management consists of two major components: location management and handoff management [4].
This requirement is addressed by providing a mobility management function based on location management and handoff management, which are implemented using Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6).
Integration of WLAN hotspots into next generation cellular networks requires considerations on location management, resource allocation, handoff algorithms and their sensitivity to mobility related features such as velocity of the mobile and the handoff delay.
Location management refers to the procedure needed for tracking the location of the MN, whereas handoff management refers to the procedure needed to allow the MN to remain connected as it moves from one access point to another [5, 17].
The reverse link handoff boundary is the contour of mobile locations between adjacent cells where the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the two base stations is the same whereas the forward link handoff boundary is defined as the contour of location where the ratio of the received pilot chip energy of the cell to the spectral density of the total interference seen by the mobile is the same.
