All handmade images are material tricks, of course.
That is why photographs, unlike handmade images, can count as evidence.
Ordinary language fixes the difference between handmade images like Goya's and photographs through the convention that artists "make" drawings and paintings while photographers "take" photographs.
I ask because the answer might get at what is so fascinating about the many handmade images of flowers and other botanical specimens in a wonderful display of rare old books at the Grolier Club.
Wood engravers still had to copy daguerreotypes to make images that could be printed in newspapers, the caption "from a daguerreotype" accompanying the published prints giving these handmade images a new authority and veracity.
The trend continued in the AIDS quilt, with its handmade images and mementos, and reached a peak of public participation with the oceanic expanses of flowers amassed in front of St. James's Palace after the death of Diana, Princess of Wales.
But Mr. Sheeler's handmade versions of images from both series also prove that there was something he could achieve in painting and drawing that he could not in photography.
On the columns supporting the canopies are handmade tiles with images culled from a repertoire of 35 subjects featuring the flora and fauna along the Delaware River and its agricultural or transportation history.
Retro computer graphics are the basis for the handmade layered glass images of London-based artists STATIC (Tom Jackson and Craig Evans).
Land presented instant photography to the New York public in 1947 in the form of some handmade 8x10-inch images created using a standard large format camera with external hand-built rollers.
Image: A handmade map tracking the spread of the Baha'i Faith in 1957.
