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Studies in sub-Saharan Africa have shown that, in addition to high mortality rates (of around 20%), childhood malaria is also associated with long-term neurological and cognitive impairments in around 25% of those who survive (19– 21), including physical handicaps, hearing loss, and impaired higher order cognitive functions (such as planning and decision making) (21).
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Then, we discuss the definitions of hearing handicapped, hearing impairment children, their study and learning problems in the literature review.
The 'Persons with disabilities' Act in India includes visual impairment, hearing impairment, locomotor impairment/orthopedically handicapped, mental illness/handicap, including persons with multiple disabilities/impairments.
Some promising non-randomized observational studies suggests that group hearing aid visits can yield patient outcomes (e.g., hearing handicap, hearing-related function, satisfaction, adherence) that are at least as good as or better than the same care provided in an individual format [ 19- 21].
Improvements were shown for hearing handicap, measured by the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly and the Communication Scale for Older Adults (Sweetow & Henderson Sabes 2010), but not by the Speech Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire (Ingvalson et al. 2013) or a health status questionnaire, the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (Stacey et al. 2010).
Hearing-related handicap was assessed with the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) [ 23- 27] questionnaire.
Power calculations are based on expected progress in use of communication strategies (the Communication Strategies Scale of the Hearing Handicap and Disability Inventory), which has been the primary outcome of previous studies in persons with hearing loss [ 41].
Validated questionnaires (Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHI) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI)) were employed for assessment of pre- and postoperative symptoms.
These studies include validated instruments like the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA) and the (modified) Amsterdam Inventory Auditory Disability and Handicap Score [ 6, 8].
As there is a strong relationship between tinnitus and hearing difficulties, 7 the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults Screening version (HHIA-S) 34 will be administered to quantify perceived hearing handicap.
The Hearing Handicapped and Visually Impaired Unit, Ms. Carvajal explained, was dismantled in the reorganization.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com