On the other hand, epidemics, because of the intensive selective pressure they exert on populations, play a critical role in population adaptation and evolution [32].
On the other hand, epidemics starting from a patient, a caregiver or a physician have a systematically larger probability of affecting only a small fraction of the population, except for the CM case in which this probability is strongly underestimated and comparable to the case in which the seed is a nurse.
On the other hand, epidemic models have also received a lot of attention since Kermack-McKendrick's model.
On the other hand, during epidemics, overreporting can occur at some health sites.
On one hand, discrete epidemic models have advantages in describing an infectious disease in comparison with continuous models since epidemic data are often collected at discrete times (such as daily, monthly, yearly, etc).. On the other hand, for some certain practical purposes, it is often necessary to obtain solutions of model (3) that describe the evolution of all variables with time.
On the other hand, the epidemic may have saved Rome from a sacking at the hands of Attila the Hun, whose fear of the fevers may have caused him to turn back short of the city.
Confronted with the injustice of the world, she can only promise, like many religious figures before her, that deliverance is almost at hand: An epidemic worse than any plague that humankind has ever seen has been raging for centuries.
On the other hand, the epidemic eradication is achieved earlier as the observer gain increases as it can be seen in Figure 12.
These two types of data have their pros and cons - with high precision data could perhaps identify singular infection events, on the other hand, an epidemic outbreak is a large-scale phenomenon that is affected by the large-scale contact structure that at present can only be studied by patient referral data.
On the other hand, recent epidemic clones, such as ST22, are also highly successful and do not harbor these mutations (Holden et al. 2013).
On the other hand, outside epidemic outbreaks we expect that the number of infected reported cases varies around a background level, either around zero or an average number of reports as it is the case in influenza-like illnesses (ILI reports, examples to be analyzed in Section 3).
