Until recently, numerical data from animal survival experiments were usually not shared, and the data were analysed only in the original study, hampering method development, re-analysis of existing data by new methods, meta-analyses combining data and systems biology approaches.
Stein, a seismologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, and a handful of other disaster experts proposed the project in 2006, with the aim of bringing a systematic and open approach to a discipline that had previously been hampered by disparate methods.
Etiology-specific diagnoses are similarly hampered by traditional methods.
Their fastidious nature has hampered standardization of methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Furthermore, the available data, particularly hospitalizations due to infections, are limited by lack of pathogen specificity and comparisons across studies are hampered by different methods of ascertainment and duration of follow-up.
Monitoring regional brain oxygen saturation on the operated side is a method hampered by a large percentage of false results, and thus is a monitoring tool of little prognostic value.
Third, the telephone-based survey method hampered the determination of several biological measures in the previous study, such as body mass index and mobility problems (ie, TUG), which are potentially confounding variables that should be considered in the accurate assessment of the relationship between OAB and falls.
Depth of coverage methods do not require breakpoint capture or have specific size restrictions, yet such methods are hampered by low signal to noise ratio due to sparse sampling (a product of low overall coverage) and sampling bias based on sequence GC-content, bait coverage, and other factors affecting capture efficiency.
The lack of robust and transferable metrics (i.e. applicable to methods exhibiting different nonlinearities) has hampered comparison of non-Fourier methods and nonuniform sampling schemes, preventing the identification of best practices.
However, most of these methods are hampered by low sensitivity to mixed infections.
