However, latent learning and devaluation studies show that behavior also shows hallmarks of model-based planning, and the interaction between model-based and model-free values, prediction errors, and preferences is underexplored.
The display of depressive-like behaviours is the hallmark of models based on manipulations (e.g., olfactory bulbectomy, [ 45]) or genetic selections (e.g., [ 46, 47]).
The hallmarks of the model include polyarticular inflammation, marked bone resorption, and periosteal bone proliferation.
At the time when the selfish-operon hypothesis was suggested, it was believed that genes providing for essential functions would not be part of an operon because these genes could not undergo the cycles of gene loss and gain that is one of the hallmarks of the model.
Considering the histopathological hallmarks of PD, models of the disorder should address the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc, reduced striatal dopamine content and altered catabolism, and it should be age dependent and with progressive alteration of the animal's movement.
Three hours after exposure, rabbits were resuscitated with 8 mL/kg saline to reduce hypovolemia, which is a hallmark of this model.
There are other properties of symbolic processing that are important for cognitive modeling more generally – for example, the ability of symbol processing to support Turing-general computation (Newell, 1990; Lewis, 2000a) – but for language processing, discrete combinatorial representations are often thought to be the hallmark of symbolic models.
In these cases, consecutive avalanches are usually well separated in time, their duration typically lasting much less than the interval among them (this separation of time scales being a hallmark of SOC models).
The power-Law representation, which is the hallmark of this type of model, is arguably the least biased default formulation and by its mathematical nature avoids problems due to possibly invalid assumptions that may cast doubt on traditional Michaelis Menten models in vivo [ 26].
Some if not all of these practices are hallmarks of this transition from "classic model" to "dedicated model" of delivering care in our ED and may help to explain the organisational benefits we have found.
While transgenic mice based on FTDP-17 Tau mutations recapitulate hallmarks of neurofibrillary degeneration, cell models could be helpful for exploratory studies on molecular mechanisms underlying Tau pathology.
