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We show that, although the gene-specific relative rate is an important feature of genome evolution that explains more than half of the evolutionary distance variation, the ranges of relative rate variability are extremely broad even for universal genes.
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It accounts for more than half of all the evolutionary changes observed (7 characters; 61 steps; CI: 0.46).
Half of these evolutionary changes involve the gain, loss or reversal of sex-biased expression and most of these differences involve genes with male-biased expression.
It contributes seven of the 19 female diagnostic characters and accounts for more than half of the overall evolutionary change observed (50.8%).
We show that, although the gene-specific relative rate is an important feature of genome evolution that explains more than half of the variance of the evolutionary distances, the ranges of relative rate variability are extremely broad even for universal genes.
The bacterial load measurement was carried out for half of the clones produced in the evolutionary experiment (N = 94).
Principal component regression analysis has shown that expression-related variables explain nearly half of the variation in protein evolutionary rate among yeast proteins [8].
Moreover, it was shown that about half of the variation in protein evolutionary rates can be explained by expression level (Drummond et al. 2005).
Thus, approximately half of the apparent variation of evolutionary rates of individual genes in each lineage can be accounted for by sampling variation and errors in edge length estimates whereas the other half is likely to arise from biological sources.
Importantly, this result suggests that over half of the functionally informative co-evolutionary connections could not be directly inferred by mere physical proximity.
Regarding the scientific validity of evolutionary theory, over half of the participants agreed with items such as "current evolutionary theory is the result of sound scientific research and methodology" (58.8%) and "evolutionary theory generates testable predictions with respect to the characteristics of life" (55.5%).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com