The workspace is characterized in a half cross-section by the singular curves.
The method is based on velocity defect in the plane of the bend: if, at a particular streamwise location, the average velocity in one half of cross section is above (or below) the cross sectional average velocity by, say, 10% or more, then the width of the duct locally is increased (or decreased), if it is possible to do so within the lay-out restrictions.
Segment B 1 coincides with the upper half of cross section of internal layer I ahead of the crack tip, and segment B 2 coincides with the cross section of the external layer II ahead of the crack tip.
Dislocations are assumed to extend at least throughout half the cross section of a fiber, which is a reasonable assumption since large dislocations are known to extend all the way across a fiber (Forgacs 1961; Nyholm et al. 2001).
The test girders had a half-size cross section of practical bridge girders whose depth and length were approximately 1000 mm and 12,000 mm, respectively.
But more than half take a cross section of students -- potential dropouts, underperformers, immigrants still learning English -- and push them to achieve at levels duplicated by only a small number of other high schools in the city.
The vortex generators are cylindrical with quarter-circle and half-circle cross sections, with variants spanning the whole width of the channel or parts of the channel.
For a while the inside of the north half was visible in cross section, including Bogardus's lacy rotunda, sliced through as if by a laser beam.
c Half of the vertical cross section of radiative recombination rates of short NW and NW/QD hybrid solar cells.
