Those that occur in animals are divided into seven subfamilies, all of which appear to have originated before the split between the protostomes (most invertebrates) and deuterostomes (chordates and relatives including echinoderms) (Terakita 2005; Larusso et al. 2008).
Second, because these responses had stereotypical early waveforms in both uni- and bilater stimulus paradigms (cf. Fig. 2A to Figs. 2B C), neural activity that regulated them during competing stimulation must have originated before any motor commands were sent to the flight control system.
However, the mutation itself may have originated before this time.
In all of these cases, resistance determinants might have originated before diversification of homoelogous genomes.
This diverse order is believed to have originated before the break-up of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous.
I VI, suggesting that the OPR gene might have originated before the divergence of green algae and the ancestor of land plants.
Alternatively, the degenerations could have originated before the divergence of the five species and then continued to accumulate numerous substitutions and deletions in each species.
Structural conservation of TF DBDs among plants and animals suggests that these domains may have originated before these two eukaryotic kingdoms diverged.
For East Africa, this pattern was also documented in clawed frogs where all extant East African taxa were found to have originated before the Pleistocene [ 73].
We found that, despite having originated before Brassicaceae radiation, MIR168a and MIR168b paralogs have been maintained, most likely as functional, throughout Brassicacea evolution, with MIR168b having undergone a partial sub-functionalization.
It is commonly accepted that most human NumtS have originated before modern man, although evidences of NumtS recent insertions as well as their duplication in human genomes have been reported [ 6- 15].
