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To the Church, Freud was a modern avatar of the negative-positive bipolarity that had long characterized the Christian understanding of Judaism — law against grace, flesh against spirit, greed against generosity, synagogue against church, and, ultimately, the unconscious against conscience.
Introverted postimperial insularity had long characterized British science fiction, but in the 21st century a cluster of writers including Iain M. Banks, Stephen Baxter, Justina Robson, Peter F. Hamilton, Charles Stross, and Ken MacLeod reengineered the universe in gaudy bursts of star-smashing neo-cosmology.
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That reticence has long characterized foreign companies' dealings with the ascendant China.
But few Chinese trust such assurances from a man their leaders have long characterized as a conniving monster.
Of course, wood-frame homes have long characterized the South End, in addition to older row houses and attached brick co-ops.
Some have been quick to link the incident to the byzantine politics and history of infighting that has long characterized the Bolshoi theater.
This subcolony was independent of Hobart until 1812, a harbinger of the intense regional feeling (sometimes becoming acrid jealousy) that has long characterized the Tasmanian experience.
For Russia, that reward appeared to have come already in the form of much toned down criticism from Western countries of its war against Chechen separatists, whom Moscow has long characterized as terrorists.
Boundless egotism has long characterized those drawn to the film industry, and an abrasive style, not to say boorishness, has been typical of its powerful figures since Louis B. Mayer's day.
The monsoon season was benign, which is vital to an economy heavily dependent on agriculture, and the hostility that has long characterized relations between India and Pakistan appears to have diminished.
Attitudes also play a big part, technology executives say, since transactions conducted over networks have a kind of transparency that is anathema to the cozy relationships and under-the-table deals that have long characterized business in the region.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com