Sentence examples for had demonstrated defects from inspiring English sources

Our previous studies had demonstrated defects in both LTP and LTD in the D36 mutants and here we demonstrate that, despite similar PKA delocalization in KO and D36 mice, the electrophysiological phenotypes associated with the D36 mutant are not shared by the KO.

4 In addition, biological data have demonstrated defects in mitochondrial protein synthesis leading to reduced OXPHOS in cell lines from affected individuals.

Brain imaging studies have demonstrated defects in glucose use in living AD patients, an abnormality that may occur well before the onset of clinical symptoms [ 17].

As genetic and functional studies have demonstrated, defects in two main organelles can cause Parkinson's disease, PPS or LSD: mitochondria [ 127▪▪, 144– 152▪▪153▪▪, 154 ▪, 154 ▪] and lysosomes [ 79, 142 ▪, 155 ▪, 156 ▪].

Prior studies have demonstrated defects in erythroid differentiation upon deletion of canonical autophagy genes (Cao et al., 2015); however, these studies focused on an inability to clear mitochondria during erythroid maturation due to dysfunctional mitophagy (Mortensen et al., 2010; Li-Harms et al., 2015).

However, a number of recent studies in mice and rats lacking PINK1 or Parkin have demonstrated physiologic defects consistent with impaired mitophagy.

Previous studies have demonstrated that defects in endoderm which result in lack of foregut closure can result in cardia bifida (Maretto et al., 2008; Alexander et al., 1999).

The end point is of interest because a number of animal studies have demonstrated dental defects in rats exposed during the developmental period (reviewed by Alaluusua and Lukinmaa 2006) and because the Seveso population presents one of the few situations in which well-characterized exposure to TCDD has occurred in a non-occupational population.

Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that defects in O-mannosyl glycan synthesis cause congenital muscular dystrophies with brain abnormalities that are characterized by perturbed α-DG glycosylation and a reduction in the ability of α-DG to bind ligands (referred to as the dystroglycanopathies) (Godfrey et al. 2011).

Culture-based methods have demonstrated a defect in the intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus [ 69, 75, 76], Streptococcus pneumoniae [ 71, 77] and Candida albicans [ 78].

However, more scrutinizing analysis for those findings has demonstrated a defect in the experimental design that prevented their reproducibility and that emphasized on the critical importance of a good design to obtain reproducible data [ 3].