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To test whether the ilPFC is indeed causally involved in the goal-directed vs. habitual control of behavior, we employed neuro-navigated, sham-controlled Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS), a non-invasive technique that uses magnetic fields to directly decrease (continuous TBS) or increase (intermittent TBS) brain activity in the targeted region18 (Fig. 1).
Habitual control of goal selection in humans.
Phasic transition from goal-directed to habitual control over drug-seeking produced by conflicting reinforcer expectancy.
Redgrave, P. et al. Goal-directed and habitual control in the basal ganglia: implications for Parkinson's disease.
Our findings indicate a causal role of the ilPFC in the balance of goal-directed vs. habitual control of behavior.
The relative goal-directed vs. habitual control of behavior was tested in a subsequent 'slips-of-action test' requiring participants to abstain from responding to devalued actions.
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In MacMillan's bold, sensuous choreography her body threw off its habitual controls and her face became hungry with emotion.
It has been suggested that in drug abusers, the dominance of habitual response control contributes toward the subjective "must do!" experience that commonly accompanies a compulsive urge (14).
Responses to devalued outcomes, or slips of action, imply a lack of sensitivity to outcome value and are therefore indicative of the dominance of habitual response control.
Here, we used neuro-navigated theta-burst stimulation (TBS) to either inhibit or enhance right ilPFC functionality before participants completed an instrumental learning task designed to probe goal-directed vs. habitual behavioral control.
We hypothesised that chewing each mouthful for 30 s would reduce afternoon snack intake more than (a) an habitual chewing control condition, and (b) an habitual chewing condition with a pauses in between each mouthful to equate the meal durations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com