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The most mobile life habit class is gliding.
We have generated the most comprehensive multigene phylogeny of the Pectinidae to date in order to determine the number of independent origins of each life habit class.
Species are categorized by the life habit displayed during adulthood and membership to a life habit class typically precludes the display of other habits.
The photoperiod sensitivity of the facultative growth habit class varies, although sensitivity to short photoperiod is advantageous from the standpoint of delaying the vegetative to reproductive transition [ 15] and thus ensuring the maximum capacity for low temperature tolerance [ 16].
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Are particular transitions between life habit classes more likely than others?
Based on these observations, it would appear that some life habit classes are evolutionary dead ends.
Interestingly, despite repeated evolutionary transitions, we found that not all life habit classes function as progenitor states in the scallops.
Thus, species were placed into life habit classes based on active and prominent responses of the adult animal to its environment.
In contrast, the other life habit classes, byssal attaching, free-living, recessing, and to a lesser extent gliding, are both ancestral states and transitional outcomes.
For the species analyzed here, ML estimations of ancestral states (pie charts in Figure 1) identify a minimum of 17 transitions between life habit classes (Table 2).
We identified 17 repeated transitions between life habit classes within the Pectinidae that were the result of both parallel and convergent evolution.
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