HELP is a 6-month program, with a monthly 2-h classroom session and optional biweekly communal gardening.
As with previous research studies (Shields et al., 1998; Weiss et al., 1998; Supovitz and Turner, 2000; Banilower et al., 2007), we found that sustained (80 h with classroom follow-up), transformative professional development can significantly impact teachers' classroom practices and create a more inquiry-based, investigative classroom culture.
Level 2 training includes 120 160 h of classroom and clinical education about oral and nasal airways, automatic external defibrillators, spinal immobilization, and vital sign measurement.
The datasets collected were large in that each design challenge required 5 to 7 h of classroom time to complete and summed up to approximately 20 megabytes at the end of a design project for a single active student.
The course was designed to be conducted during 12 h of classroom instruction.
Each module consists of 10 h of classroom and two 2-h labs consisting of an experimental and analytical lab.
The course consisted of two 3 h sessions of interactive classroom teaching delivered by retired civil aviation pilots who had an extensive background in CRM training for aircrew, and several years' experience of adapting this to train theatre staff.
The first author conducted observation sessions in the classroom (approximately 1 h) and provided supervision for each teacher (approximately 30 min), twice a week.
The researcher and trained interviewers gave students standardized instructions for filling out the questionnaires, which were completed in the classroom in 2 h.
When the interval of classroom ventilation exceeded 1 h, air renewal was determined to be inadequate, increasing potential risk for infection.
Classrooms A, B, C, and D were located in the studied area; Classrooms E, F, G, and H were located in the comparative area.
