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Gut passage time averaged 116 min (range 4 1143 min), comparable to other fruit bats.
A negative scarification effect was observed for one species, and no effect of gut passage for another.
In the second experiment, we related Cmin in casts to the interactive effect of the gut passage and soil fraction size (Courval soil series only).
However, when Biolog profiles were normalized to AWCD, it became clear that gut passage resulted in structural shifts in bacterial assemblages.
The percentage of seeds germinating after gut passage increased for three species, respectively, through the effects of scarification only, deinhibition only, and scarification and deinhibition combined.
Cellulose was fed as an accelerator of gut passage and showed a significant effect on the Pb concentration in the soft body of gastropods.
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However, survival of animal-gut passage by whole lichen fragments, and, thus, the potential for endozoochorous lichen dispersal, which would be a much simpler and more direct way of lichen dispersal, has been completely overlooked.
As illustrated in Figure 4, longer gut-passage time appears to decrease germination success.
In contrast to our expectations, seed gut-passage rate and its effects on germination, and lizard speed-of-movement, habitat choice and activity rhythm were of minor importance.
A similar trend towards lower germination success with increasing tortoise gut-passage time was noted for Lycopersicon cheesmanii seeds ingested by Galápagos tortoises [43].
Therefore, the dispersal distance of any ingested seed will only increase with time up to 2 4 days (i.e. before the peak of the gut-passage curve).
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