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There are no clear guidelines on the pre- or postoperative management of patients with ET undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Frieder [ 10] provided guidelines on the pre-conception counselling of women with schizophrenia including identification and treatment of risk behaviour, enhancing the patient's knowledge of the risks to mother and child, improving parenting skills, and mobilizing support systems among women with severe mental illness prior to conception in order to reduce negative outcomes [ 10].
The European guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases recommend the performance of an OGTT in patients with established cardiovascular disease [ 5].
Accordingly, the European guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes and cardiovascular diseases from 2007 recommend that these patients should be investigated with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) [ 9].
The European guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases recommend that patients with cardiovascular disease without known diabetes should be investigated with an OGTT [ 9], but whether the OGTT should be performed early after a first cardiovascular event or later in a stable condition is not defined.
The Italian Ministry of Health issued guidelines on the management of AC patients in pre-hospital emergency service, including Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) use.
Table 2 summarizes the content of the pocket version of these new guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases and lists the top 10 recommendations of this interdisciplinary approach to improve the outcome of the high-risk patients with both diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (20).
The recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC and European Association for the Study of Diabetess (EASD) joint guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases emphasize the need for a cooperation and give practical advice on how to achieve the earliest diagnosis of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease together with optimized treatment approaches (9, 10).
These aspects are also incorporated in the ESC and EASD guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which recommend both earliest diagnostic procedures and therapeutic approaches (Fig. 3) (9, 10).
A likely contributor to the observed improvement is the emphasis on the poor prognosis for patients with a combination of diabetes and coronary heart disease as reflected in the first Joint European Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes and cardiovascular diseases issued in 2007 [ 10].
The modules include current evidence-based guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes and cardiovascular disease; important clinical areas and common difficulties in practice (Type 1, Type 2, diabetes in pregnancy and secondary causes of diabetes).
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