"We are developing mandatory guidelines, instruments and training for our partners, cotton farmers and factory workers".
In line with these guidelines, instruments need to show reliability, validity and an ability to detect change.
A multidisciplinary and international group of palliative care researchers, identified themes and clinical issues on palliative sedation based on expert consultations and evidence drawn from the EAPC (European Association of Palliative Care) framework for palliative sedation and AGREE II (Appraisal Guideline Research and Evaluation) instrument for guideline assessment.
Examples include the IOM's "Provisional Instrument for Assessing Clinical Practice Guidelines" (IOM instrument), the "Method for Evaluating Research and Guidelines Evidence" (MERGE instrument), Cluzeau et al's "Appraisal Instrument for Clinical Guidelines" (Cluzeau instrument), and Shaneyfelt et al's methodological appraisal instrument (Shaneyfelt instrument).
However, standard guidelines for instrument translation and adaptation are lacking, and there is no accepted optimal method.
In the event of missing responses within a questionnaire, guidelines from instrument developers were used to handle missing data where available [ 15, 17].
The translation and psychometric testing of the American-English version of the European QoLISSY questionnaire was conducted following generally accepted (FDA) guidelines for instrument validation [ 33].
This data collection checklist is based on guidelines for instrument development and evaluation by McDowell and Newell [ 46] and by Tremblay and collaborators [ 47].
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PedsQL™ Oral Health Scale into the Portuguese language for Brazil followed international guidelines for instrument linguistic validation [ 22, 23].
As discussed above we opted to use the MAT, which have has some limitations but it is suitable for the process, based on international guidelines for instrument development and testing [ 17, 18, 22].
