China's censorship guidelines, handed down from the ruling Communist party, prohibit the promotion of "cults or superstitions".
The new guidelines handed down to editors state the changes are designed to help them manage numbers and costs "more effectively and more consistently".
A set of guidelines handed out to teachers by Ottawa's public school board last week reportedly identify photos posted on social depicting drugs, alcohol, or being "scantily clad" on the beach as unacceptable professional behaviour.
Main reasons for non-compliance include inadequate knowledge of guidelines for hand hygiene, insufficient time for hand hygiene practice, skin irritation, and the inconvenient location of dispensers [ 18].
According to the WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care, hand hygiene should be applied before touching a patient, before a clean/aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient and after touching patient surroundings [ 10].
Based on the WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care [ 1], cleaning of hands with alcohol-based hand rubs (Sterillium) was prescribed before touching a patient and before aseptic procedures, after body fluid exposure risk and after touching a patient and touching his/her surroundings.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDCC) guidelines for hand rub use recommend a very general technique when using a hand rub: the product should be applied to the palm of one hand, and the hands should be rubbed together, covering all surfaces of hands and fingers, until the hands are dry [ 3].
However, the WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene, which are currently the definitive guidelines in human healthcare, recommend 40-60 s for complete hand washing (from wetting hands to completion of drying), and 20-30 for complete application of ABHR [ 2].
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDCC) Guidelines for Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings acknowledges that the ideal volume of product to apply to the hands is unknown, but states that, if hands dry before 10 to 15 s, an insufficient amount was used [ 1].
The World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care recommends that a "palmful" of product be used and states that the hand-hygiene event should take 20-30 s [ 2].
