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In principle, anyone who is treatment eligible, according to country-specific guidelines but generally similar to the WHO treatment guidelines for resource limited settings [4], can receive ART to slow disease progression [5].
Eligibility criteria for public sector patients in South Africa were the same as the 2003 WHO guidelines for resource limited settings (CD4 lymphocyte count <200 cells/µl or WHO stage 4 disease) [16], [17].
To facilitate the rapid scale-up of pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART), the World Health Organization (WHO) published revised pediatric ART guidelines for resource poor settings in 2006 [ 1].
We analysed the determinants of costs and outcomes in patients receiving ART in line with standard World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for resource poor settings in a private sector managed ART programme in South Africa.
The patterns and potential variations that in particular were searched for during the analysis phase were indications of the level of stakeholder participation in decision-making processes, the use of diverse communication and appeal processes, indications of the use of official guidelines for resource allocation and the emergence of local concepts of fairness.
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Crcl was calculated using the Cockcroft Gault formula using weight taken on the same day that creatinine measurements were done but without adjusting for body surface area, consistent with guidelines for resource-limited settings.
With this growing evidence base, the World Health Organization (WHO) has revised the ART guidelines for resource-limited settings on several occasions between 2002 and 2010, recommending progressively earlier initiation of ART during TB treatment [ 12].
We have attempted to improve the generalisability of our findings by restricting our analysis to those patients in the private disease management programme that receive ART in line with the WHO guidelines for resource-limited settings [ 2].
Despite this being a private sector programme, antiretroviral guidelines are similar in many respects to WHO guidelines for resource-poor settings as well as the South African public sector guidelines [ 2, 7].
According to WHO cost-effectiveness analysis guidelines for resource-constrained settings, an intervention is highly cost-effective if it is associated with a cost/DALY less than one time per capita GDP [ 18].
In recent years, the management of ART programmes in low and middle income countries has increasingly conformed to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for resource-limited settings [ 2].
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