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We also evaluated the distribution of these guide sizes for this naturalized R. hirta population.
To evaluate the shape of the distribution for UV floral guide sizes, we used Shapiro-Wilks' test.
First, we report novel findings regarding the distribution of floral guide sizes in natural populations and cultivars.
Consistent with many quantitative traits, the Shapiro-Wilks' test indicated that UV guide sizes were normally distributed in these naturalized flowers (W = 0.984, d.f. = 27, P = 0.938).
We show clearly that wild bees are more frequently attracted to Rudbeckia with oversized UV absorbing floral guides than to conspecific flowers with guide sizes closer to the average found on wild and cultivated flowers.
Based upon the Shapiro-Wilks' test, the shape of the distribution of UV floral guide sizes for this population, like the urban one, was also normally distributed (W = 0.958, d.f. = 21, P = 0.467).
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Pinstickers' guide: Sizing Europe was an impressive winner last year and has looked unstoppable in his last two outings.
We manipulated floral guide size and evaluated visitation frequency.
This was 7% smaller than the urban population average guide size.
Whether UV floral guide size could contribute to flower constancy remains to be investigated.
In all experiments, pollinator visitation rates were clearly associated with floral guide size.
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