Because ILS is expected to occur and the standard concatenation approach can return incorrect trees with high support in the presence of ILS, "coalescent-based" summary methods (which first estimate gene trees and then combine gene trees into a species tree) have been developed that have theoretical guarantees of robustness to arbitrarily high amounts of ILS.
These two types of redundancy guarantee the robustness of transcriptional regulatory program.
The size and variety of these systems guarantee the robustness of procedural memory and the fact that, unlike episodic memory, procedural memory can remain largely intact even in the face of extensive damage to the hippocampi and medial temporal-lobe structures.
In this context, a key element is represented by the timetabling design phase, which must aim to guarantee an appropriate degree of robustness of rail operations in order to ensure a high degree of system reliability and increase service quality.
The large size of our sample (N = 531) may better guarantee the robustness of the instrument validation results across the large spectrum of patients with schizophrenia.
To guarantee the robustness of the algorithm in the presence of noise, not all eigenvectors corresponding to non-zero eigenvalues should be used in expansion (8).
We showed that activity-redundant TFs guarantee the robustness of transcriptional regulatory programs, and the fragility of transcriptional regulatory program plays a major role in gene expression variability.
The optimization problem is formulated to guarantee the robustness of PSS and to increase the damping ratio of the dominant mode.
The state feedback exact linearization approach can achieve the global exact linearization via the nonlinear coordinate transformation and the dynamic extension algorithm such that H∞ robust control strategy can be directly utilized to guarantee the robustness of the system.
To guarantee the robustness of phase unwrapping as well as the high sinusoidality of projected patterns, TPWM technique is employed to generate ideal fringe patterns with slight defocus.
