Finally, we select a total of 76 polymorphisms located in 27 genes related to the redox system: 17 were classified as antioxidant genes (CAT, GCLC, GCLM, GNAS, GPX6, GSR, GSS, M6PR, MSRB2, OGG1, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, TXN, TXN2, TXNRD1, TXNRD2) and 10 as reactive species generators (mainly NADPH oxidase-related genes CYBB, NCF2, NCF4, NOS1, NOS2A, NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5 and XDH).
The downregulated GO categories included the oxidation-reduction process (FMO3, AHCYL2, LOC484867, ALDH3A1, GSR, and FTH1), intermediate filaments (KRT6A, KRT86, KRT18, KRT6B, and KRT14), and structural molecule activity (CLDN10, KRT13, DSP, KRT17, VAPA, OCLN, and CLDN1) (Table 1).
In addition to the R genes, many of the conserved signaling components of the disease resistance response pathways are present in the cowpea GSRs, including NDR1, RPM1, COI1, EDS1, EDS5, PR5, SGT1, RPS5, and RIN4.
To find out how Bmi1 deficiency leads to elevated ROS levels in Bmi1−/− cochlea, quantitative RT-PCR was used to investigate the expression levels of several antioxidant (xCT, Nqo1, Cat, Sod1, Sod2, Gsr and Gstm1) and prooxidant genes (Alox15, Lpo, Duox2 and Cdo1).
Tissue soluble protein concentration of lung homogenate was obtained [ 16] while antioxidant status was determined by estimation of antioxidant activities of CAT and POD [ 17], SOD [ 18], GST [ 19], GSR [ 20], GSH-Px [ 21], H2O2 concentration [ 22] and activity of QR [ 23].
In the PBHC sub-network, some genes such as CREG1, NTRK1, DUSP13, GSR, and TXNRD1 play a role in cell cycle and/or cell death.
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These results demonstrated that thermal response onset latency are only slight delayed compared to the GSR (<2 s).
Merla and colleagues (2007) reported a facial thermal latency of approximately 4 6 seconds compared to GSR latency24.
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