Their optical band gaps (E g) were calculated as in the literature [21] and results are shown in Table 3.
Effect sizes (Hedges' g) were calculated for all studies.
f/VT, RIE, and A + B + G were calculated.
Effect sizes (Cohen's d and Hedges g) were calculated.
The body weight (BW, g) was calculated as the final BW minus the initial BW, and the average weight gains (WG, g) were calculated accordingly.
Fourth, effect sizes g were calculated based on means and standard deviations or based on t-test scores [ 30, 37].
Changes in specific-growth rate and doubling time (g) were calculated and the findings were compared with that of the standard.
Diagonal elements of G were calculated as 1+F, with F being the inbreeding coefficient estimated from SNP data using PLINK [ 36].
Rates of hepatic endogenous glucose production (EGP) and Gd were calculated by using modified versions of the Steele Equations 26, 27.
Energy (kJ), the percentage of energy from macronutrient sources, and total dietary fiber intake (g) were calculated from foods and beverages in the dietary recall.
