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If release of these signals is unbalanced and prolonged, selective growth of (pre)malignant cells in the tissue may occur.
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The high-temperature β texture is obtained by growth of pre-existing β nuclei.
However, for notched models, P can evidently enhance the fracture strength by impeding the cracking and growth of pre-existing cracks.
Here it is assumed that the cause of cyclic creep is the fatigue growth of pre-existing microcracks in hydrated cement.
Crack propagation in the TBC proceeds via opening and growth of pre-existing discontinuities in the ceramic topcoat, assisted by crack nucleation and growth associated with the TGO.
A combined effect of grain boundary sliding and heterogeneous nucleation on particles was also confirmed to accelerate the growth of pre-existing hydrogen micropores and cavities.
In contrary, high deposition temperature favors the growth of pre-existing grains which leads to the deposition of single crystals rather than the creation of new grains, thereby enhancing the crystallinity [18].
As the occurrence of macroscopic fatigue cracks is the consequence of the growth of pre-existing microscopic defects, the energy release rate of these flaws need to be quantified.
For example, the growth of pre-existing α precipitates is accompanied by selective nucleation and growth of secondary α plates of certain variants that may not be the ones preferred by the initially applied stress.
In addition, we estimated the effect of the stress-driven migration of GBs on the growth of pre-existing, comparatively large cracks in nanocrystalline Ni with the finest grains.
The second accident occurred during normal operation, but was a consequence of the first accident, which weakened the pipe, causing the subcritical growth of pre-existing defects related to the high carbon equivalent content of the pipe steel.
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