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Since the growth of pit cells is strongly enhanced by gastrin [ 25, 30], we compared the serum gastrin levels between the WT and TG mice but found no increase in the levels of serum gastrin in the TG mouse (WT, 213 ± 41 pg/ml; TG, 263 ± 47 pg/ml, n = 5, p = 0.438).
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The breakdown of passivity is initiated by nucleation and growth of pits through the passivating film.
In the third stage, the current reaches a stable value, and the growth of pits is controlled by ohmic drop.
The nucleation and growth of pits on battery zinc alloy electrodes in commercial (standard) Leclanché and related electrolytes has been studied quantitatively using both potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques.
Increasing the exposure time to both air and oxygen plasma brought about quantitative rather than qualitative changes (increase in edge recession, growth of pits in diameter, depth and concentration).
The kinetics of the various stages is discussed in terms of an extension of the nucleation and growth mechanism following an approach which was earlier applied for explaining the initiation and growth of pitting corrosion of metals.
The physical interpretation of adjusting parameters derived from the two models is consistent with a duplex structure for the passive film and with the nucleation and growth of pits when the applied potential exceeds the breakdown potential although both mechanisms for the passive layer growth seem to be equally probable.
The much higher limiting cathodic current density for both of the model alloy aluminum couples in an acidified, versus a neutral, solution indicated that galvanic corrosion of the particle matrix couple contributed not only to the nucleation but also to the growth of pits in aluminum alloys.
This is actually observed during the deposition of Ge on Si-patterned substrates in experiments [41] or during the spontaneous growth of pits due to defects or impurities [40].
With growth of the pit, more corrosion products make both in plane diffusion across the sample surface and out-of-plane diffusion to bulk solution from the pit mouth [M.G. Fontana, N.D. Greene, Corrosion Engineering, second ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1978].
It is shown that there exist critical values of the pit density for the explosive growth of metastable pits that leads to a transition to pitting corrosion.
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