Sentence examples for growth bottleneck from inspiring English sources

Specifically, we investigated the local demographic history (population growth, bottleneck events), by using a set of summary statistics averaged over the 20 genomic regions, for the three continental groups separately (Table 1).

An opposite result indicates departure from this model, suggesting selection or less simple demography, i.e., effects due to population growth, bottleneck, or population structure.

The major limitation of the methods implemented to detect positive selection using polymorphism data is that demographic events, such as population growth, bottleneck, and/or subdivision, can mimic patterns similar to those produced by selection.

Firstly, we tested the data against a neutral Wright-Fisher model using Fu's Fs [ 77] and Tajima's D [ 78], which aim to identify an excess of recent single nucleotide substitution caused by population growth, bottleneck, or background selection.

Further investigation of the interactions of population size, landscape ruggedness and mutation rate with bottleneck size, and the importance of different types of mutations during growth-bottleneck cycles [ 64] deserves further study.

This may suggest that for evolution through growth-bottleneck cycles (which applies not only to laboratory situations, but is likely also applicable to many pathogens), the bottleneck size interacts strongly with the population size and other parameters to determine the dynamics of the evolutionary process [ 17, 18, 63].

When applied to actual viral populations, all these measures encounter similar problems: sampling bias (for instance, most of human influenza samples come from a few studies in New York State and New Zealand [27]), exponential growth and bottleneck structures of viral populations, population stratification, etc.

For all chromosomal loci, including those that are physically unlinked, linkage disequilibrium can be generated or influenced by various evolutionary forces such as mutation, natural or artificial selection, genetic drift, population admixture, changes in population size (exponential growth or bottleneck, for instance).

Although these population growth and bottleneck models do not accurately represent the true population history of human populations, they produces patterns of genetic variation that are roughly similar to what we observe in real human populations from HapMap (51), and they allow us to qualitatively explore the performance of our method under such a wide range of demographic histories.

We varied rates of population growth post-bottleneck to see how the bottleneck affected allelic diversity during island colonization.

We compare our results with those of Bachtrog and Andolfatto (2006), who recently fit demographic models to D. miranda polymorphism data (growth and bottlenecks).