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All of them are a consequence of the fluctuations associated with duplication dynamics (Solé et al. 2001), although modularity seems an even more general property of growing random networks (Guimerà et al. 2002).
At each time step of a growing random network [ 44], a new node is added, and a directed edge to one of the earlier nodes is created.
Growing random networks (GRNs) are also of interest since many networks grow by the continuous addition of new nodes and exhibit preferential attachment.
For example, if N = 4 and GTC were the last three bases in the growing random sequence, the frequencies of GTCA, GTCT, GTCC, and GTCG would be used in randomly adding the next base.
BA: Barabasi Albert; CPBA: Cluster and propensity based approximation; ER: Erdos renyi; GO: Gene ontology; GRN: Growing random network; kME: Connectivity based on the module eigenvector or eigengene; MeSH: Medical subject headings; MM: Minorization maximization or majorization minimization; PPP: Pure propensity poisson; SFT: Scale free topology.
Complex networks can be described by random graphs (the Erdös and Rényi model [ 39]), small-world models (the Watts Strogatz model [ 40]), scale-free networks (the preferential attachment model of Barabasi and Albert [ 41, 42]), and other growing random network (GRN) models.
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"Instead of growing a random network forward according to an evolutionary model, we decompose the actual observed network backwards in time, as dictated by the model," they say.
We propose a flexible, computationally efficient algorithm for growing generalized random forests, develop a large sample theory for our method showing that our estimates are consistent and asymptotically Gaussian and provide an estimator for their asymptotic variance that enables valid confidence intervals.
Prior to rotation, the mutant roots were growing in random directions, whereas WT roots elongated along the direction of gravity (Figure 3D).
Recently, a framework for tree growing called Random Jungle (RJ) was developed [ 46].
During the peak of the Dodder growing season, random 0.25 m samples in the centre, transition, and edge zones quantified each plant species percent cover in each of the 15 vernal pools.
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