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Taking advantage of fine time-course gene expression information (Hooper et al. 2007), the recent burst of Drosophila species whole genomes sequences (Clark et al. 2007) and the development of powerful statistical and bioinformatic tools (Yang 2003, 2007), here we investigate the evolution of tightly regulated groups of embryonic genes in the Drosophila melanogaster species group.
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Neural crest, group of embryonic cells that are pinched off during the formation of the neural tube (the precursor of the spinal cord) but that do not remain as a part of the central nervous system.
In contrast, a different population of stromal stem cells develops from the same group of embryonic cells that gives rise to the cells of the nervous system.
The effects of the knockout of this gene in Drosophila are an absence of wing and haltere development, absence of development of a group of embryonic muscles and juvenile hormone deficiency due to defects in secretory cells in the corpora allata.
Groups in support of embryonic stem cell research funding?
Localized to either an individual cell or group of cells, embryonic organizing activity induces the specification of other cells in the embryo and can influence formation of body axes.
Groups of around 3,000 embryonic stem cells would clump together when grown under these conditions, forming spherical structures called embryoid body-like aggregates.
Among the isoforms, only zpmca2 and zncx1b mRNA signals were found in specific groups of cells in embryonic skin and adult gills (data not shown).
To investigate the underlying mechanisms of increased cancer development, the Zhang group established immortalized lines of embryonic fibroblasts from Smurf2-deficient embryos and found that these cells have altered patterns of histone modifications and loosely compacted chromatin.
Earlier this month two groups of university scientists isolated embryonic stem cells from embryos and from aborted fetuses, the first time that these primordial cells had cultured in the laboratory.
Three different groups of genes associated with embryonic organ morphogenesis which were identified in the liver, heart, and spleen shared two elements: the insulin induced gene 2 (Insig2) and forkhead box C2 (Foxc2) (Supplementary Table S6).
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