Sentence examples for group reproduction from inspiring English sources

The evolution processes of a population consist of three major operations: group reproduction using the compact genetic algorithm, variable two-part individual crossover, and variable two-part mutation.

Our results indicate that a skew in nymph production was positively correlated with relatedness of the individuals in female pairs; this supports one of the transactional models of reproductive skew (the concession model) in which a dominant individual controls the subordinate's fraction of total group reproduction [ 9].

The effective post-vaccination group-to-group reproduction number is then given by, where s v is corresponding average number of carriage episodes under vaccination.

The group-to-group reproduction number R* (based on children only) calculated from posterior predictive simulations was 15.8, with a 90% posterior probability to be less than 25.

For a single pneumococcal serotype, the group-to-group reproduction number was estimated at 16, the individual-to-individual reproduction number at 1.4, and the critical vaccine efficacy against carriage at 0.3.

For any given serotype, the potential of within-group outbreaks to sustain transmission in the whole population is characterized by the average number of infectious contacts emanating from a single outbreak [ 21], the so called group-to-group reproduction number R*.

Within social groups, reproduction was density dependent.

However, in many groups reproduction is extremely skewed.

Based on this, we derive an estimate of the group-to-group basic reproduction number for a single serotype, describing the amplifying effect of within-group transmission.

But one dominant female in each group monopolizes reproduction, in part by killing the offspring of subordinate females Over 80% of surviving young are her own.

However, while in small groups the α-worker monopolized reproduction, in larger groups several workers shared reproduction, creating two worker groups: reproductives and helpers.