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Majority of the group handover schemes require to predict the handover and make necessary preparations before starting the handover procedure itself.
In this paper, we propose a group handover scheme to design an efficient and effective handover process with low latency for the group mobility scenarios in the mobile WiMAX networks.
There has been some research effort on group handover techniques [23, 24], and most of them target the passengers traveling on public transportation vehicles such as buses and trains.
Furthermore, on account of the severe challenges faced by high-speed railway scenario such as large penetration loss and group handover, it is difficult for passengers inside the train to hold a dependable connection with outside base station directly.
In our case, the central control entity, which decides and implements the network topology changes, may do the necessary control signaling and inform the neighboring BSs about the possible group handover before shutting a BSs down.
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The Media Independent Handover MIHH) architecture finalized by the IEEE 802.21 working group facilitates handovers between heterogeneous networks.
Strabala et al. [16] grouped the handover task into the three processes: delivery process, signal process, and handover process.
In this paper, we propose secure and efficient group-based handover authentication and re-authentication protocols for mMTC in 5G wireless networks when mMTC devices simultaneously roam into the new networks.
In the STAS population this decline mainly concerns the 'evening/night groups' and the 'duty handover groups' (figure 3).
The decrease in period II mainly concerns the 'duty handover group' (28%) (G24,K24), while the further decline in period III concerns the 'duty handover group' (47%) as well as the 'evening/night group' (29%) (G23,K23).
In Lahore, a spokesman for the Majlis-e-Wahdat ul Muslimeen, a Shiite lobbying group, said the handover of Quetta from civilian to military control was a central demand of the protesters.
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