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We were thus able to reveal a high variability in LD within the different DGs, with a large share of residual between-linkage group disequilibrium in DG SG2 and DG SG1.
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Groups of dependent SNPs resulting from linkage disequilibrium amongst groups of cis-SNPs and groups of trans-SNPs are demarcated by a black horizontal line.
These haplotypes in which SNPs are grouped in linkage disequilibrium blocks (tag SNP), identified by the HapMap project, can be used for the association study of genes as candidates for the presence of common variants that confer susceptibility to the disease.
Because of these selective pressures, comparisons between ethnic groups reveal linkage disequilibrium and highly variable patterns of allelic distributions for HLA genes [ 5, 7].
To test whether the 114S haplotype has distributed differently in female groups, the linkage disequilibrium coefficient values (D') of two polymorphisms were calculated for females in patients (D' = 0.88) and controls (D' = 0.78).
The linkage disequilibrium groups found are the same across algorithms, with the exception of an edge between XRCC3_03 and XPD_312 in the network produced by the HC and MMHC algorithms.
One group focused on the disequilibrium aspects of Keynes's work, while the other took a fundamentalist stance on Keynes and began the heterodox post-Keynesian tradition.
Because the substitutions within a group are in linkage disequilibrium the amino acid differences within one group are mixed in the population together.
The patterns of pairwise LD differed greatly between the wild sunflowers and cultivated samples analyzed here: in the former group, the strong linkage disequilibrium was evidenced within distances <200 bp [ 46], whereas in the second group it was noticeable at least up to 700 bp.
A SNP pairwise correlation (r) of > 0.64 and a minor allele frequency of > 0.05 were used to group SNPs into linkage disequilibrium (LD) bins (Carlson et al., 2004) using 261 of the 371 European 1000 Genomes Phase 1 individuals (this subset was chosen because they are unrelated).
LD: Linkage Disequilibrium; DG: Diversity Group; LG: Linkage Group; cM: Centimorgan.
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