The general counsel grounded his reasoning on a 2000 Supreme Court decision, Food and Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco, that said the F.D.A. could not try to regulate tobacco as a "drug" and cigarettes as a "device".
Although classical first-order logic is the de facto standard logical foundation for artificial intelligence, the lack of a built-in, semantically grounded capability for reasoning under uncertainty renders it inadequate for many important classes of problems.
The story taken just this far, whatever its merits, appears to allow the possibility of moral knowledge grounded in consequentialist reasoning.
It is important to understand that fields such as music, literature, philosophy or history help you understand the world and provide the foundation for a life of critical inquiry, grounded reasoning, and sophisticated analysis.
The opinion of the Court written by Associate Justice Hugo Black, and joined by Chief Justice Warren and Associate Justices William O. Douglas and Abe Fortas as well as Associate Justice Brennan, who had been part of the majority in Perez was grounded in the reasoning Warren had used nine years earlier in his Perez dissent.
In a nutshell, Sen regards public reasoning and 'democratisation', in terms of political participation, dialogue and public interaction, as means to reach this end (ibid., 326), providing grounded reasoning for his views [ 53].
Macy's held its ground after Trump was elected, but pinned its reasoning on politics.
In this article, we report on three additional results on the use of perceptually grounded meta-reasoning for correcting prediction errors.
But as Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg argues in her powerful dissent, its reasoning is broad enough to give ground to advocates for these positions, who are surely writing their legal briefs as you read this.
It did not provide any details about its reasoning.
